Max Ernst

Max Ernst was a German painter and sculptor who led Dada in Cologne before moving to Paris in 1922 and becoming a founder of Surrealism. He invented frottage, rubbing over textured surfaces, and grattage, and made collage novels such as Une Semaine de Bonté from cut-up engravings. Interned in France at the start of the Second World War, he escaped to the United States, married Peggy Guggenheim and later Dorothea Tanning. Tate holds his Celebes.