Giotto di Bondone was a Florentine painter and architect who broke with the flat Byzantine manner and gave painted figures real bulk, emotion and space. His best-known work is the fresco cycle of the lives of the Virgin and Christ in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua, finished around 1305, and he also painted in Santa Croce in Florence. He designed the bell tower of Florence Cathedral, known as Giotto’s Campanile. Writers from Dante to Vasari treated him as the father of modern painting. The National Gallery in London has a small Pentecost panel attributed to him.
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